Cinema of India and Irish Pages Free Essays

string(160) the family show that encompasses such an occasion anyplace †and made a â€Å"realitycheck†version of it so not quite the same as the ordinary Bollywood film. Irish Pages LTD Glorious Particularity Author(s): Mira Nair Reviewed work(s): Source: Irish Pages, Vol. 3, No. 2, The Home Place (2006), pp. We will compose a custom paper test on Film of India and Irish Pages or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now 103-108 Published by: Irish Pages LTD Stable URL: http://www. jstor. organization/stable/30057428 . Gotten to: 09/11/2012 06:27 Your utilization of the JSTOR file demonstrates your acknowledgment of the Terms Conditions of Use, accessible at . http://www. jstor. organization/page/information/about/arrangements/terms. jsp . JSTOR is a not-revenue driven assistance that helps researchers, specialists, and understudies find, use, and expand upon a wide scope of substance in a confided in computerized chronicle. We use data innovation and apparatuses to build efficiency and encourage new types of grant. For more data about JSTOR, kindly contact support@jstor. organization. . Irish Pages LTD is working together with JSTOR to digitize, save and stretch out access to Irish Pages. http://www. jstor. organization GLORIOUS PARTICULARITY MiraNalr Illumining the genuine. I make pictures in my work. I don’t pen words, particularly not words to be conveyed from chapel podiums. So I encountered incredible distress composing this exposition, particularlysince it was additionally implied for distribution, until I started to consider it to be a chance to verbally process with you on what has been having my brain generally, in this wild past year since the watershed of 9/11/01. I have been pondering the downpour of unending pictures flooding our lives: in the print media, TV and obviously, in our well known film, at last asking myself the deep rooted questionsTer Braakraises in his still-radicalessay:what is the job of a craftsman in any general public? What is the spot and eventual fate of film on the planet today? In the new â€Å"globalvillage†of perpetual pictures, increasinglyI see the disappointment of broad communications to bestow genuine comprehension. This overactive pluralism gives one the figment of knowing a great deal about a ton when really you know a sprinkling about nothing by any stretch of the imagination, leaving afterward a crowd of people so completely clubbed by small amounts of data that one is left confounded and therefore passionless strategically. Perhapsthat is its expectation. The truth of the matter is that while pictures have become increasingly worldwide, people’s lives have remained amazingly parochial. This amusing truth of contemporary life is particularly alarming in today’s war-mongering times, when such a great amount of relies upon understanding universes so unique, and subsequently completely partitioned, from one’s own. In this post-9/11 world, where the factions of the globe are being solidified into tremendous dividers between one conviction and lifestyle and another, presently like never before we need film to uncover our minuscule nearby universes in the entirety of their wonderful identity. I would say, it’s when I’ve made a film that’s done out and out equity to the facts and idiosyncraciesof the explicitly neighborhood, that it traverses to become surprisinglyuniversal. Take Monsoon edding,or case. I needed to make a close family W from nothing, an adoration tune to the city of Delhi where I come flick, something from, to come back to my old propensities for guerilla film-production. But this time, terminated m by the ongoing enablin g of the Dogme ethod, I needed to make a film in only 30 days. That was simply the first reason: to demonstrate that I didn’t need the juggernaut of a huge number of dollars, studios, embellishments and a lot of men in suits to make a decent story in the most fascinating visual way that could be available. I needed 103 IRISH PAGES o catch, most importantly, the soul of masti(meaning an inebriation with life) natural in the full-bodied Punjabi people group from where I come, and afterward, to catch the Indiathat I know and love, an India which lives in a few centuries simultaneously. As Arundhati Roy put it, â€Å"as Indian residents we stay alive on a normal eating routine of rank massacresand atomic tests, mosque breakings and design appears, church burnings and extending phone systems, fortified work and the computerized upheaval, female child murder and the Nasdaq crash, husbandswho keep on consuming their spouses for settlement and our heavenly heap of MissWorlds. It cou ldn’t be said better. Such were the liquid mainstays of the India I needed to put on film †68 entertainers, 148 scenes, and one hot storm season later, utilizing paintings,jewellery, saris and furniture taken from family members on the screen, with every individual from my family acting in it, in the wake of shooting precisely 30 days, a film was brought into the world that at that point had an excursion so unique in relation to any desire (all the more accurately, non-desire) that we may have had for it during its creation. Individuals from New Delhi to Iceland to Hungary to Brazil to America trusted it was their wedding, their family,themselves on that screen †and on the off chance that they didn’t have a family,they longed to have a place with one like the individuals they saw on screen. I didn’t make the film to teach anyone about â€Å"my culture and my people†-I accept that to be essentially a social ambassadorof one’s nation is exhausting †rather, on the off chance that it was made for anyone past myself, it was caused for the individuals of Delhi to feel and chuckle and cry at our own defective Punjabi(a. k. a the PartyAnimals of India) selves. Interestingly for me, Monsoon edding as the first of seven movies I’d made that W was totally grasped by the mainstreamBollywood movie industryin India; makers, chiefs, famous actors, choreographers, performers the same grasped the film, and without precedent for my 20-odd years as a free producer †autonomo us truly from both the Indianand the Americanmainstream †I felt the chance of my work having a place some place. In spite of the fact that the style and type of Monsoon edding as radical for the Indianpublic (the whole film was W hot with a hand-held camera,was reality-based, with a large group of totally obscure countenances blended in with amazing on-screen characters, live singing, no studio giving, utilizing a blend of old Indianpop tunes with new unique music, and exchange simultaneouslyin Hindi, English and Punjabi),it keeps on playing in Indiaalmost a year after its discharge. Perhapsthis was on the grounds that we took a natural reason †that of an Indian wedding, and of the family dramatization that encompasses such an occasion anyplace †and made a â€Å"realitycheck†version of it so unique in relation to the ordinary Bollywood film. You read Film of India and Irish Pages in classification Paper models Bollywood, a term for the tremendous business film industryin Bombay, alludes to those stupendous, epic and over-the-top spectacles eplete with melodic r 104 IRISH PAGES numbers and sumptuous creation esteems, structured as idealist amusement for the general population. It is the thing that Ter Braak humorously portrays in his conversation of low film †â€Å"born among cigarette-biting young people and laughing house keeper workers, got with wild excitement and the fair sentimentalism of a low class longing for redemption. â€Å" In spite of its matchless, particular style and its present refined extraordinary store, Bollywood is in no way like film of the craftsmanship house, New Wave assortment, in no way like expressionism †it doesn't have claims of immaculateness. It is rebelliously mainstream, made for the general population and for benefit. In this manner, Bollywood as a true to life structure is fundamentally versatile and composite †a class inviting outside impacts, not dreading them. In any case, the movie producers continually focusing on the broadest conceivable crowd †have needed to oblige the numerous interests of an incredibly provincial and differing nation. Certain bringing together components †Mahabharata and Ramayana, the central epic writings from which numerous accounts determine, and the accentuation in all movies on family convention and neighborhood setting †give Bollywood films a wide reverberation inside Furthermore, Bollywood was brought into the world under expansionism and splendidly gets by in a post-pilgrim world. The Bollywood style is broadly versatile and permeable, a wipe that needed to react to radical impacts to endure pre-Independence, and readily imitated them for benefit in later years. A typical marvel in Bombay are the supposed DVD India. irectors who pitch their accounts to moviestars utilizing prompted scenes from wellknown Hollywood films (e. g. , â€Å"it is fundamentally a mix of Godfather meets Love Story meets When Harry Met Sally†). Western stories from Jane E re to Dead Poets’Societyare retold with Indian characters and creation structure that all the time †cunningly †p lay into both Westerners’ and Indians’ admiration of India. This recommends an outskirt around India that is both permeable and defensive, glaringly retaining and duplicating a wide range of impacts yet bending them to make it at long last appear to be matchlessly Indian †or, to put it all the more precisely, supremely Bollywood. There is a lot of discussion on the endurance of nearby films in a worldwide age, and much frustration about the relentless rush of American culture, frequently blamed for then again dulling and weakening craftsmanship and tasteful sensibilities around the globe. The French have been railing about social protectionism from Hollywood throughout recent years. In this setting of attempting to protect and develop neighborhood voices, it is astounding to see the unflagging vitality of Bollywood film. Bollywood’s force, its backbone and its impossible, adaptable hybridity, are for the most part aftereffects of its immense inside market. Monetarily and creatively †much like Indian culture itself. Bollywood is flexible and solid 105 IRISH PAGES The mass Indian crowd for whom Bollywood films are made is evergrowing and

Written submission Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Composed accommodation - Essay Example The remainder of the inhabitants (15%) are single. There is some ethnic decent variety in the bequest. The present turnover is at 18%, in any case, re-letting is a significant test particularly on account of littler properties due to the estate’s poor notoriety. There is additionally the issue of a high level of the inhabitants having rent unpaid debts. A large portion of the clients are in the Housing Benefit plan and this is one of the significant reasons why such huge numbers of them have lease unfulfilled obligations. Right now the inhabitants don't have their own Tenants Association. The degree of feeling of network is low, yet a couple of the inhabitants are anxious to change this. There is likewise constrained client commitment with Southway and different offices. A portion of the issues and issues confronting the bequest incorporate a horror rate which is one reason why the domains has such a high turn over rate and a low re-letting rate. The absolute most normal wrongdoings submitted in Lowfeaf incorporate theft and medication managing. The estate’s physical appearance is additionally ratty with inadequately kept up nurseries and litter dispersed all over. There is additionally a great deal of spray painting on the dividers which makes the spot look threatening. Lowfeaf bequest has a yearly network spending plan of  £10,000 which is right now not being utilized. The ordinary staff accessible incorporates a network official and salary the executives official. There is additionally the Customer Involvement Team and Your Neighborhood Team Manager who offer help administrations. There are plans to start a home improvement program which is set to take off inside a half year. There is additionally an ecological program which is wanted to begin in the following nine months. The significant issue in this domain is its notoriety. In this way the best arrangement is one that will help make a decent name for Lowfeaf. I have built up a multi year plan that will see Lowleaf abandon a decrepit looking, wrongdoing loaded home to one of the most lucky local locations. The arrangement

Revolution of architecture Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

Transformation of design - Coursework Example Beijing the capital of China has experienced such a quick change in a significant limited ability to focus time like a couple of other capital urban communities like Hanoi, Vietnam that were decimated after the war and other calamities.(Economist ed 2004 pp 63). Beijing was only a rubble of old back streets and little boulevards and haggard condo squares, however today this is a city of business premiums that has prompted the introduction of quickly developing office towers, high rises, shopping centers and stores, enormous arenas and luxurious government structures. With this changed change one needs to concur that there was a high impact of westernization in the greater urban communities of China on the residential front as well as all around. This change occurred after 1949 with an endeavor to make beneficial markets for utilization as well as to change it into a city of creation and exchange. Issue STATEMENT In this examination the issue is characterized as Does urban structure or arranging in Beijing identify with the western ideas of engineering and how are they related' This connection between urban plan and design is vital in order to comprehend the point of view of the exploration. In this examination one more issue is characterized as which hypothesis will be best recognized from the hypothesis viewpoint. Is it the post-auxiliary social hypothesis OR post-innovation hypothesis or post Marxist hypothesis that will be found in the application and presence of revolutionized architecture' Official SUMMARY In this exposition, the examination will concentrate on the engineering progression in Beijing and the way in which the Western type of building styles upgraded the standpoint of the city of China. During the 1950's there was a forward leap in Chinese...With this improved change one needs to concur that there was a high impact of westernization in the greater urban communities of China on the household front as well as all around. This change occurred after 1949 with an endeavor to make gainful markets for utilization as well as to change it into a city of creation and exchange. In this examination one more issue is characterized as which hypothesis will be best recognized from the hypothesis viewpoint. Is it the post-auxiliary social hypothesis OR post-innovation hypothesis or post Marxist hypothesis that will be found in the application and presence of revolutionized architecture' In this paper, the examination will concentrate on the design progression in Beijing and the way in which the Western type of compositional styles improved the standpoint of the city of China. At this crossroads the Chinese planners started to analyze the social princ

Price Differentials in Chinese Automobile Industry Essay - 275 Words

Price Differentials in Chinese Automobile Industry across Different Cities (Research Proposal Sample) Content: Price Differentials in Chinese Automobile Industry across Different CitiesStudents NameUniversity AffiliationPrice Differentials in Chinese Automobile Industry across Different CitiesLiterature ReviewThe information from government agencies in China indicate of big price disparities in automotive industry. Evaluations by different scholars indicate that one of the causes of large price differentiation is market segmentation. Yu, LuandLuo, (2013) obtained data regarding the price differential in Chinese car industry from the China Information Network (CPIN), which is a subsidiary of the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC). The agency keeps record of monthly sales in 36 large cities in China. The agency records the price, car model, and manufacturer. The China Auto Circulation Association (CACA) keeps the record for quarterly sales of cars in China cities. According to Yu, Lu, and Luo, (2013), coefficient of variation is used in measuring price dispersion across different cities in China. Moreover, Yu used Goldberg and Verboven model in calculating the hedonic prices for every city at certain time. This enables them to obtain the prices of different car models in each city at a particular time. The research by Yu, Lu, and Luo indicates of increasing price dispersion of passenger cars in China cities (Yu, Lu Luo, 2013). According to Yu, Lu, and Luo, (2013), from 2004 to 2006, there was consistent increase in the price differentiation across different cities in China. One of the effects of price differentiation is income effect. The income effect largely accounts for regional price disparity in China. This is because of income inequality that exists across Chinese cities resulting to inequality in car sales across the cities. Moreover, in an evaluation of the causes of price differentiations in Chinese car industry, Lee and Hong (2012) found that various factors result to price differentials. Lee and Hong (2012) found that market segme ntation in China is a cause for price disparity. This is similar to causes of price disparity in automotive industry in Europe as found out by Goldberg and Verboven. In this case, market segmentation empowers market forces of demand and supply to control prices, in the market. Therefore, since the market forces vary from one city to another, in China, this leads to price variations across the cities. Pride and Ferrell (2012), state that in an oligopolistic market, the demand curve within a specific region is affected by the income and consumers preference in the region. Conversely, the input costs and optimal output strategies have effects to the supply curve in the region. Furthermore, the competitors strategies and output level have significant effects to the supply curve. In this context, the Chinese automotive industry is an oligopolistic market. The automotive industry has been segmented into regions and thus car prices vary from one region to another. According to Lee and Hong (2012), many Chinese car manufacturers sell their products across the country. Therefore, the car manufacturers try to maximize returns from each of the segmented regions. This leads to price variations across regions as companies try to maximize revenues. Maxcy (2013), states that in the global automotive industry, cars are almost identical. In this context, the make of different cars is similar due to standardization process. The difference between cars occurs in the marketing since they are sold in different brands. The brands bring differences in prices and external appearance of the vehicle. Therefore, consumers purchase identical cars with different brand names. Maxcy (2013) depict that this practice of identical cars and different brand names is called badge engineering. One car manufacturing company can source for a specific car model from Competitor Company and makes minor changes to suit the companys desires. Thus, the company does not invest heavily in research and devel opment of a new in-house model. The two cars in the market share many common features regardless of difference in brand and physical appearance. Moreover, when the two cars meet in the market, they have different prices. The pricing of the vehicles is based on the external appearance and brand name. In turn, this leads to variation in prices between the cars despite the cars sharing many similarities. According to Maxcy (2013), in certain circumstances, cars are manufactured in the same industry and undergo the same production lines despite having different brand names. In this case, the brand name brings variation in price. Therefore, consumers purchase identical cars at different prices in the market.Apart from China, other countries and regions have experienced price disparities in the automotive industry. The European region is one of the regions with huge price disparities, in the automotive industry. The price disparities in the Europe region began as early as 1980s. According to Lumley (2009), an evaluation of price disparity in automotive industry, in the Europe region, reveals of information that was recorded in 1981 and 1986. The Bureau of European Consumers Unions (BECU) started keeping the records of price disparity since 1980s. Lumley (2009) states that in the European region, the disparity price differed by more than 50% across European countries. In the European region, the first source of price disparity was due to price discrimination. There was price discrimination by different automotive companies especially global leading companies. The price discrimination is due to difference in demand elasticity across different countries. According to Lumley (2009), an evaluation on price differential before taxation and after taxation revealed of existence of price disparity in the two cases. However, the price disparity was higher before tax adjustment as compared to after taxation. This is because taxes increased the retailing price for cars even in countries with low price disparity. Moreover, due to lack of uniform taxation system in many regions such as Europe and American regions, prices after taxation showed existence of price disparities in different countries. Lumley (2009) found in his research that the number of dealers within a segmented market had significant effect to price differentials for automotive. The markets with few car dealers experienced high prices of vehicles as compared to markets with many car dealers. This is similar to oligopoly markets where few companies control market activities. In oligopoly markets, few large companies can collude to determine the prices in the market (Pride Ferrell, 2012; Pride, et al. 2012). Furthermore, prices are sticky in oligopoly markets since the few companies in the market are not likely to change prices due to competition. In this case, markets with many car dealers have volatile prices since dealers compete through price. Therefore, cars with many car dealers experie nce high price differentials. Pride and Ferrell (2012) found in his research big price disparity for various models of vehicles in different countries. One of the outstanding disparities was in Aston Martin Cygnet, a tiny European city car. The car retailed at a price of $45,000 (Pride Ferrell, 2012). However, Toyota Company manufactures the Aston Martin Cygnet car, which is one of the leading automotive manufacturing companies. An identical car from Toyota Company was retailing at a price of $17,000. The difference between the two car models was outside appearance and minimal internal hardware. The price disparity between the two car models is $28,000. Therefore, a consumer purchasing Aston Martin Cygnet car pays an outrageous extra double price despite the two cars being manufactured by the same company and undergoing through the same production lines. In the US car market, Chevrolet Tahoe 4WD 1500 LS, which was launched in 2012 was retailing at $43,010. An identical car launched in the same year, GMC Yukon 4WD 1500 LSE was retailing at $45,090 (Pride Ferrell, 2012). The two cars virtually had similar features except for the external appearance. According to Mankiw (2012), consumer discounts when purchasing cars contribute to price differentials within a country. The car dealers offer discounts to different customers purchasing different models of vehicles sold by the company. Mankiw (2012) state that there is no standard formula for offering discounts and thus companies can offer discount at any time and in selected places. In many cases, discounts are used in promoting company products to the consumers. This is common in markets experiencing decrease in sales or in new markets where the company wants to attract new customers to purchase company products. In certain cases, organizations or people purchasing vehicles in large quantities receive discounts from car dealers. The discounts offered result to variations in pricing within a market since consumers purchase similar product at different prices. Therefore, car dealers and companies contribute to price differentials through discounts offered to consumers. Mankiw (2012) states of other financial benefits offered to consumers resulting to price differential in the same market. One of the other financial benefits is reduction in car price because of bargaining power between buyer and seller of the car. In this case, the seller may exempt a certain amount of money from the listed retailing price of the car for the buyer. Hence, the buyer purchases the car at a lower price than other buyers who do not bargain for prices with the seller.The government policies and regulations have been contributing towards encouraging price differentials in the automotive industry (Mikler, 2009). The policies outlined by the government result to variations of different models of vehicles in the same and different markets. One of the pol... Price Differentials in Chinese Automobile Industry Essay - 275 Words Price Differentials in Chinese Automobile Industry across Different Cities (Research Proposal Sample) Content: Price Differentials in Chinese Automobile Industry across Different CitiesStudents NameUniversity AffiliationPrice Differentials in Chinese Automobile Industry across Different CitiesLiterature ReviewThe information from government agencies in China indicate of big price disparities in automotive industry. Evaluations by different scholars indicate that one of the causes of large price differentiation is market segmentation. Yu, LuandLuo, (2013) obtained data regarding the price differential in Chinese car industry from the China Information Network (CPIN), which is a subsidiary of the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC). The agency keeps record of monthly sales in 36 large cities in China. The agency records the price, car model, and manufacturer. The China Auto Circulation Association (CACA) keeps the record for quarterly sales of cars in China cities. According to Yu, Lu, and Luo, (2013), coefficient of variation is used in measuring price dispersion across different cities in China. Moreover, Yu used Goldberg and Verboven model in calculating the hedonic prices for every city at certain time. This enables them to obtain the prices of different car models in each city at a particular time. The research by Yu, Lu, and Luo indicates of increasing price dispersion of passenger cars in China cities (Yu, Lu Luo, 2013). According to Yu, Lu, and Luo, (2013), from 2004 to 2006, there was consistent increase in the price differentiation across different cities in China. One of the effects of price differentiation is income effect. The income effect largely accounts for regional price disparity in China. This is because of income inequality that exists across Chinese cities resulting to inequality in car sales across the cities. Moreover, in an evaluation of the causes of price differentiations in Chinese car industry, Lee and Hong (2012) found that various factors result to price differentials. Lee and Hong (2012) found that market segme ntation in China is a cause for price disparity. This is similar to causes of price disparity in automotive industry in Europe as found out by Goldberg and Verboven. In this case, market segmentation empowers market forces of demand and supply to control prices, in the market. Therefore, since the market forces vary from one city to another, in China, this leads to price variations across the cities. Pride and Ferrell (2012), state that in an oligopolistic market, the demand curve within a specific region is affected by the income and consumers preference in the region. Conversely, the input costs and optimal output strategies have effects to the supply curve in the region. Furthermore, the competitors strategies and output level have significant effects to the supply curve. In this context, the Chinese automotive industry is an oligopolistic market. The automotive industry has been segmented into regions and thus car prices vary from one region to another. According to Lee and Hong (2012), many Chinese car manufacturers sell their products across the country. Therefore, the car manufacturers try to maximize returns from each of the segmented regions. This leads to price variations across regions as companies try to maximize revenues. Maxcy (2013), states that in the global automotive industry, cars are almost identical. In this context, the make of different cars is similar due to standardization process. The difference between cars occurs in the marketing since they are sold in different brands. The brands bring differences in prices and external appearance of the vehicle. Therefore, consumers purchase identical cars with different brand names. Maxcy (2013) depict that this practice of identical cars and different brand names is called badge engineering. One car manufacturing company can source for a specific car model from Competitor Company and makes minor changes to suit the companys desires. Thus, the company does not invest heavily in research and devel opment of a new in-house model. The two cars in the market share many common features regardless of difference in brand and physical appearance. Moreover, when the two cars meet in the market, they have different prices. The pricing of the vehicles is based on the external appearance and brand name. In turn, this leads to variation in prices between the cars despite the cars sharing many similarities. According to Maxcy (2013), in certain circumstances, cars are manufactured in the same industry and undergo the same production lines despite having different brand names. In this case, the brand name brings variation in price. Therefore, consumers purchase identical cars at different prices in the market.Apart from China, other countries and regions have experienced price disparities in the automotive industry. The European region is one of the regions with huge price disparities, in the automotive industry. The price disparities in the Europe region began as early as 1980s. According to Lumley (2009), an evaluation of price disparity in automotive industry, in the Europe region, reveals of information that was recorded in 1981 and 1986. The Bureau of European Consumers Unions (BECU) started keeping the records of price disparity since 1980s. Lumley (2009) states that in the European region, the disparity price differed by more than 50% across European countries. In the European region, the first source of price disparity was due to price discrimination. There was price discrimination by different automotive companies especially global leading companies. The price discrimination is due to difference in demand elasticity across different countries. According to Lumley (2009), an evaluation on price differential before taxation and after taxation revealed of existence of price disparity in the two cases. However, the price disparity was higher before tax adjustment as compared to after taxation. This is because taxes increased the retailing price for cars even in countries with low price disparity. Moreover, due to lack of uniform taxation system in many regions such as Europe and American regions, prices after taxation showed existence of price disparities in different countries. Lumley (2009) found in his research that the number of dealers within a segmented market had significant effect to price differentials for automotive. The markets with few car dealers experienced high prices of vehicles as compared to markets with many car dealers. This is similar to oligopoly markets where few companies control market activities. In oligopoly markets, few large companies can collude to determine the prices in the market (Pride Ferrell, 2012; Pride, et al. 2012). Furthermore, prices are sticky in oligopoly markets since the few companies in the market are not likely to change prices due to competition. In this case, markets with many car dealers have volatile prices since dealers compete through price. Therefore, cars with many car dealers experie nce high price differentials. Pride and Ferrell (2012) found in his research big price disparity for various models of vehicles in different countries. One of the outstanding disparities was in Aston Martin Cygnet, a tiny European city car. The car retailed at a price of $45,000 (Pride Ferrell, 2012). However, Toyota Company manufactures the Aston Martin Cygnet car, which is one of the leading automotive manufacturing companies. An identical car from Toyota Company was retailing at a price of $17,000. The difference between the two car models was outside appearance and minimal internal hardware. The price disparity between the two car models is $28,000. Therefore, a consumer purchasing Aston Martin Cygnet car pays an outrageous extra double price despite the two cars being manufactured by the same company and undergoing through the same production lines. In the US car market, Chevrolet Tahoe 4WD 1500 LS, which was launched in 2012 was retailing at $43,010. An identical car launched in the same year, GMC Yukon 4WD 1500 LSE was retailing at $45,090 (Pride Ferrell, 2012). The two cars virtually had similar features except for the external appearance. According to Mankiw (2012), consumer discounts when purchasing cars contribute to price differentials within a country. The car dealers offer discounts to different customers purchasing different models of vehicles sold by the company. Mankiw (2012) state that there is no standard formula for offering discounts and thus companies can offer discount at any time and in selected places. In many cases, discounts are used in promoting company products to the consumers. This is common in markets experiencing decrease in sales or in new markets where the company wants to attract new customers to purchase company products. In certain cases, organizations or people purchasing vehicles in large quantities receive discounts from car dealers. The discounts offered result to variations in pricing within a market since consumers purchase similar product at different prices. Therefore, car dealers and companies contribute to price differentials through discounts offered to consumers. Mankiw (2012) states of other financial benefits offered to consumers resulting to price differential in the same market. One of the other financial benefits is reduction in car price because of bargaining power between buyer and seller of the car. In this case, the seller may exempt a certain amount of money from the listed retailing price of the car for the buyer. Hence, the buyer purchases the car at a lower price than other buyers who do not bargain for prices with the seller.The government policies and regulations have been contributing towards encouraging price differentials in the automotive industry (Mikler, 2009). The policies outlined by the government result to variations of different models of vehicles in the same and different markets. One of the pol...

Societal Representations in Frankenstein - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 708 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Frankenstein Essay Did you like this example? The monster that Dr. Frankenstein created posed questions and concerns for both the society in the 1880s, when Mary Shelley wrote the book, as well as for our society in our current time. Questions regarding the responsible progression of scientific research and implementation existed in both societies and were represented in the book. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Societal Representations in Frankenstein" essay for you Create order The Frankenstein Effect, which questions societys role in fostering maladaptive traits in others existed at the time of the book and is still a question that begs to be investigated and realized. Thirdly, the loss of focus on the humanities as important for education was present in the book and is an ever-increasing concern today. In the book, the monster instills fear in his creator, Dr. Frankenstein. He fears the monster only after it is created, not during the creation process as seen here, the first enthusiasm of success. Life and death appeared to me ideal bounds. then later, I beheld the wretch † the miserable monster whom I had created (Shelly 4 5). This can be viewed as the fear that humans had regarding the increasing power of science to control life experiences, and to possibly control even life itself in the future. Today, are we forging ahead in our excitement of our scientific advancements without thinking carefully about the implications that may exist after their implementation? We are advancing quickly in our ability to change the DNA structures of embryos, but have we carefully thought through the implications that such research and advancements could have on individuals and society as a whole? Nuclear arms, which are already in prevalent existence, are another example of forging ahead with advancements before realizing the frightening implications that exist when such arms wind up in the hands of terrorists or individuals without structured constraints and treaties. Now, the fear of how to navigate through the implications of the inventions of nuclear arms is similar to the fear experienced by Frankenstein trying to navigate the repercussions of his monster. Questions regarding the Frankenstein Effect have also been raised by those reading the book in the 1880s as well as today. The Frankenstein Effect demonstrates to us a bit about humanity and disability (Harris). Is the monster created by nature or do we, as a society, create monsters by our treatment of those who look or think differently than what we perceive to be normal? If treated differently, with love, would the monsters of our society, such as the outcast and downtrodden, look differently? Would people, feeling connection, love, and caring from their fellow humans, be able to successfully navigate the difficulties that nature and even nurture may throw their way from time to time? Would they be able to see hope in problems and difficulties without turning to vices such as drugs, alcohol, and violence? Would they be more productive and happier individuals if they didnt feel depression from the disconnection they experience from judgmental, scared, isolating, and self-centered individuals (Harris)? Concerns over losing the study of the humanities, and the important role that those have in shaping our culture and the growth of the individual were also raised by the book. The monster used the readings of the various texts to enable his thoughts and his feelings to grow. This may reflect a fear in society of the effects of the loss of the humanities as important. What will guide the development of our youth and our culture? What will be the standard against which we measure our own growth and understanding as individuals? The monster clearly stated that these various readings helped with his growth. Mary Shelleys Frankenstein holds many enduring, thought-provoking questions about people and societies, both during the time of her writing in the 1880s, as well as for our society of today. Is science out of control? Are we creating monstrous situations from toying with cloning and engineering embryos? Do we have effective measures to control against nuclear annihilation by our own creations with our own hands? Do we create our own monsters by separating and ridiculing those who might look or think differently than us? Does our fear create such monsters? Are we moving away from the important role that humanities play in the development of the individual and the culture as a whole?

Macbeth Essays - 963 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Macbeth The play Macbeth, by William Shakespeare is often believed to be cursed by many. The quot;Curse of Macbethquot; is the misfortune that happens during the production of the play. Many theater and acting companies refuse to put on Macbeth because the play has a reputation of being cursed. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In 1604, Shakespeare tried to please King James I by casting caution and imagination aside. For the opening scene of act IV of Macbeth he reproduced a 17th century black magic†¦show more content†¦I do not think that this play glamorizes witchcraft inappropriately because there is nothing glamorous about looking and acting like the stereotypical witch. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The tragedy of Macbeth is considered to be so unlucky that is hardly ever called by its name inside the profession. People usually refer to the play as â€Å"that play,† â€Å"the unmentionable† or â€Å"the Scottish play.† It is supposed to be bad luck to quote from the play or to use any sets, costumes, or props from a production. Its reputation has been most likely acquired from the suspicion of the weird sisters and to the many disasters that have happened since its premier on August 7, 1906 (unknown). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Beginning in 1906, William Shakespeare himself played Lady Macbeth after Hal Berridge became feverish and died. This play displeased King James I so much that he banned it for five years. In 1972, the actor who was playing Macbeth substituted a real dagger for the blunted stage dagger and killed Duncan in front of the viewers of the play. One actor sleepwalked off the stage in 1948 while another one was almost strangled to death by an actor in 1926. During a performance in 1849 at New Yorks Astor Place, a riot broke out in which 31 people were killed because of being trampled. In 1937, Laurence Olivier played the role of Macbeth, a 25-pound stageShow MoreRelatedMacbeth : Macbeth 1411 Words   |  6 PagesPeter Klimek Mrs. Moeller Macbeth Rough Draft 3/7/16 Ambitionz Az Macbeth Macbeth is a character in a play by Shakespeare with a tragic flaw. He had a quick rise to power and shortly after that a fall. Macbeth’s tragic downfall is a consequence of his vaulting ambition which is fueled by greed, fear and arrogance. Lady Macbeth and the three witches also have a major key in influencing his emotions. They manipulated the emotions he felt so he acted more rashly on them. Macbeth was a guy that couldRead MoreMacbeth Essays : Macbeth 1064 Words   |  5 PagesMacbeth Analytical Essay In life, there are two types of people: those who do the right thing and those who don’t. In the play Macbeth, by Shakespeare, the main character Macbeth is given a prophecy by three witches that says he will become king; however, there is no descending line of kings of his own blood. With the knowledge of the Witches’ prophecy, Macbeth’s ambition, and manipulation from his wife, Lady Macbeth, Macbeth is quickly dragged into a never-ending, bloody murder rampage to obtainRead MoreMacbeth - Imagery in Macbeth1331 Words   |  6 Pagesart of making images, the products of imagination. In the play Macbeth Shakespeare applies the imagery of clothing, darkness and blood. (listed from least to most), Each detail is his imagery, it seems to contain an important symbol of the play. Symbols that the reader must understand if they are to interpret either the passage or the play as a whole. Within the play Macbeth the imagery of clothing portrays that Macbeth is seeking to hide his disgraceful self from his eyes and othersRead MoreMacbeth864 Words   |  4 Pagesimagination. In any piece of literature, imagery plays a significant role in illustrating the characters. In the play, Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare, the characters of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are developed through the use of clothing, sleep, and blood imagery. Through the use of clothing imagery, Shakespeare exposes and develops the character of Macbeth. In the beginning, Macbeth is seen as loyal soldier of King Duncan. When presented with the title of Thane of Cawdor, he says Why do you dressRead MoreMacbeth1700 Words   |  7 PagesThe Loyalty of Masculinity In William Shakespeare’s Macbeth the main theme of loyalty is explored throughout the play by main characters. Loyalty can be defined as faithfulness or unwavering devotion to a person or cause. Duncan, Banquo, Macduff and Macbeth are all essential characters who are given opportunities to express their loyalty, however it is the different ways in which these characters choose to be loyal or disloyal that shape the play as a whole. It is the character’s loyalty and/orRead MoreMacBeth867 Words   |  4 Pagesart, and Cawdor, and shalt be what thou art promised. Yet for I fear thy nature; It is too full o’th’ milk of human kindness to catch the nearest way† (Shakespeare 1.5.12-15). Lady Macbeth is the bad influence Macbeth has in his life that persuades him into killing King Duncan and rushes into being King. Before Macbeth became paranoid after the brutal death of King Duncan, he was a worthy captain of the kings army. â€Å"The service and the loya lty I owe in doing it pays itself. Your Highness’ part isRead MoreMacbeth1038 Words   |  5 Pageswith it?  Would you do  right or wrong? To ignore the premonitions  or to go ahead,  knowing that if you do go ahead you would  destroy the natural order? This is what Macbeth had to solve within himself,  his internal conflict. Ladies and Gentlemen, an overriding theme of conflict is established within William Shakespeare’s tragic play â€Å"Macbeth†. Conflict. What is conflict? We simply define conflict as the struggle between opposite forces or different opinions between people. Though it doesn’t always haveRead MoreMacbeth739 Words   |  3 PagesSynopsis Macbeth  is a play about a Scottish nobleman who learns, from a prophecy given to him by three witches, that he is to become king. When Macbeths ambition overcomes his moral judgement, he assassinates the reigning king and fulfils the prophecy. In doing so, however, he undermines his own rule with insecurity - insecurity he created when he upset the natural succession to the throne. Beheaded in battle, Macbeths death allows the rightful heir to reclaim the throne and order is restoredRead MoreMacbeth1388 Words   |  6 Pages Macbeth: Character Analysis The Tragedy of Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, is about a soldier, Macbeth, and his friend, Banquo, who meet up with three strange witches who share prophecies with the two men. Macbeth is told that he will become king someday and rule the land of Scotland. The rest of the play follows the actions of once a loyal soldier turned into a greedy king, who seeks to hold the crown forever no matter what the consequences may be. Throughout the play Macbeth displays himselfRead MoreMacbeth757 Words   |  4 Pagesat me† Macbeth to Banquo’s ghost. â€Å"This is the very painting of your fear† Lady Macbeth to her husband. â€Å"Double, double toil and trouble; Fire burn, and cauldron bubble†. Witches (4.1.1) Images of disguise and concealment (appearance vs reality): â€Å"Look like the innocent flower but be the serpent under’t† Lady Macbeth, 1, 5 â€Å"False face must hide what the false heart doth know† Macbeth, 1,7 â€Å"There’s daggers in men’s smiles. The near in blood, the nearer bloody† Donalbain 2, 3. Macbeth tells

Facebook vs Twitter free essay sample

But one question is who will be on top? Synopsis of the Situation Who is better than who? Or one could say who is going to be the king of the hill? Facebook has tried to purchase Twitter with no success. It is hard to say who will come out on top or who will be the ultimate winner of the social war. Until on or the other purchases their competitor or they just decide to merge and rule the social network, we will have to wait and see who will win. Key Issues Facebook and Twitter are both free sites and are both popular. Facebook and Twitter are both time conversations, but Twitter is a little faster.They both seem to have their good and bad qualities. Twitter has a character restriction and has no popups. Twitter users can also post to their Facebook page. Facebook does not have a character limit. We will write a custom essay sample on Facebook vs Twitter or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They both can post pictures and videos. Facebook has a better privacy blocking system (if you can find it and get them set right). A lot of users (me included) are not aware of this option. Facebook allows businesses to advertise and reach more people faster. Facebook makes there revenue off the ads on their site, witch keeps it free for their users. Facebook has games for their user to play also.These games also generate some of their revenue. Twitter has no games and the only source of revenue is its investors. Define the Problem The main problem for Facebook and Twitter at time is each other. The other thing is that there are other social sites that are starting to catch on. They are both trying so hard to out due each other they may just get stepped on by someone else. They both need to set some goals and do what will help them in the long run. Alternative Solutions Alternative 1- There is room for both of them on the World Wide Web. Competition is good.They need to keep going like they are; yes sooner or later one will be better than the other. It is like the burger wars (McDonalds and Burger King) one might be on top but the other is right behind. Alternative 2 They could always merge and rule the social networking site as one. Alternative 3 They could merge and Facebook can be the everyday personal social network site and Twitter can be more of the business network site. Selected Solution to the Problem Alternative 1 Let the users decide which site works best for them. Compatiotion is good for both of them and the users.It makes them improve their products and in turn this makes a better product for the consumers/users. Despite the politically right way, there is going to be a winner and a loser. Implementation The best way to implement the solution is to advertise and to start improving their sites right away. The faster they improve them, the faster they get ahead. Recommendations Twitter should find a way to make revenue. They might need to start selling advertising space or charging a nominal fee for users. Facebook needs to become more users friendly and maybe make it easier to use.

Lord of the Flies How Jack Represents the Id free essay sample

Jack starts off as leader for the choir boys until Ralph is voted chief which Jack is upset due to his ambition for power. These are reasons why jack can be seens as the id in Lord of the Flies. Jack is more focused on survival more than being rescued and he does whatever he pleases. For instance, when Jack left to go hunting, the signal fire was left to go out which lead to the passing ship, a potential rescue failing. Jack tries to turn the boys against Ralph by questioning Ralphs leadership. Jack disobeys the rules by speaking without the conch and makes a scene, â€Å"And you shut up! Who are you, anyway? Sitting there telling people what to do. You can’t hunt, you can’t sing I’m chief. I was chosen. Why should choosing make any difference? Just giving orders that don’t make any sense Piggy’s got the conch (Golding 152). We will write a custom essay sample on Lord of the Flies: How Jack Represents the Id or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another proof Jack is the id in Lord of the Flies is because he shows no empathy for others, such as piggy. Jack decides to take Piggys glasses because he wants fire even though Ralphs group would have shared their fire. â€Å"That was Jack and his hunters, said Ralph bitterly. Why can’t they leave us alone? The chief led then, trotting steadily, exulting in his achievement. He was a chief now in truth, and he made stabbing motions with his spear. From his left hand dangled Piggy’s broken glasses (Shakespeare 938). Therefor, this is evidence that proves jack is the id in Lord of the Flies.The character that represents ego in Lord of the Flies is Ralph. Ralph is initially a good leader by establishing the authority of the conch. There are many ways you can see Ralph is the ego and being stuck between jack as the id and piggy as the superego is one. Early in the book, Ralph is showing a representation of ego by doing the responsible thing and standing up to Jack when he lets the signal fire go. This in direct quote proves Ralph thinks sensible in situations. Therefore, Ralph is to be seen as the Ego.

Cómo renovar pasaporte americano para adultos y niños

Cà ³mo renovar pasaporte americano para adultos y nià ±os Los ciudadanos estadounidenses deben renovar a tiempo su pasaporte porque necesitan estar en posesià ³n de su vlido pasaporte para viajar al extranjero y regresar a EEUU,   salvo casos muy especiales  en los que se admiten otro tipo de documentos. Adems, para viajes de Canad, Mà ©xico, Bermudas hacia EEUU es suficiente para los ciudadanos tener una Tarjeta de pasaporte (Passport Card,) siempre y cuando la entrada se realice por tierra o por mar, no por aeropuerto. Los requisitos para renovarla son los mismos pero es ms econà ³mica. En este artà ­culo se informa sobre los tres posibles casos que se dan para renovar el pasaporte americano, de quà © debe saberse antes de solicitarla y de quà © documentos pueden utilizarse para acelerar el paso en los controles migratorios. 3 casos de renovacià ³n de pasaporte americano Hay que distinguir entre tres posibles situaciones y cada persona debe seguir las reglas que le aplican segà ºn lo siguiente: cuando la persona que renueva tiene ms de 16 aà ±os y puede renovar por correo,  tanto en USA como cuando se encuentra en otro paà ­s.Cuando no se puede renovar por correo y hay que personarse para la solicitud, aà ºn cuando se tiene ms de 16 aà ±os.Los casos de nià ±os menores de 16 aà ±os, para los que aplican reglas especiales, tanto dentro de Estados Unidos como fuera. Renovacià ³n del pasaporte americano por correo Para estar capacitado para solicitar la renovacià ³n por correo es necesario cumplir todas y cada una de las siguientes condiciones: El pasaporte actual està © en buen estado y puede ser enviado con la solicitudFue emitido cuando su titular era mayor de 16 aà ±osFue emitido hace menos de 15 aà ±osEl pasaporte actual est en buen estadoEst al nombre actual de su titular o puede demostrar con un documento legal su cambio de nombre El titular del pasaporte que solicita la renovacià ³n puede encontrarse en Estados Unidos o en el extranjero. En este à ºltimo caso, verificar con la pgina del consulado porque puede haber reglas distintas segà ºn el lugar. Para solicitar la renovacià ³n debe completarse el formulario DS-82 en la computadora o a a manualmente con tinta negra y asegurarse de firmarlo. Adems, una fotografà ­a de pasaporte tomada en los à ºltimos seis meses debe unirse al documento DS-82 en el espacio habilitado para ello. En el caso de encontrarse fuera de los Estados Unidos, asegurarse de cumplir las reglas de medidas de la foto que, en muchos casos, son diferentes a las que aplican en otros lugares. Es fundamental respetar las medidas que se piden en el formulario DS-82 y que aparecen claramente indicadas. Adems del formulario DS-82 debidamente cumplimentado, firmado y con fotografà ­a deben enviarse los siguientes documentos: El pasaporte ms reciente. Se regresar ms tarde en un paquete diferente al el que se envà ­a el pasaporte nuevo.Si el nombre del titular ha cambiado, una copia certificada del certificado de matrimonio o de la orden de la corte.El pago de las correspondientes tasas. Se debe pagar con una money order o con un cheque. Nunca envà ­e dinero. Si se est en el extranjero, leer detenidamente los tipos de cheque que se admiten y tambià ©n la cantidad exacta ya que puede estar cambiada a la moneda local. Tambià ©n fijarse en el nombre exacto que debe aparecer en la parte de a quià ©n es pagadero el cheque. Se recomienda enviar por correo certificado a la direccià ³n que aparece en el formulario y que es diferente segà ºn se trate de una tramitacià ³n ordinaria o urgente, si se est en el interior de Estados Unidos.Si se est en el exterior, se envà ­a a la Embajada o al Consulado que corresponda. En cuanto al tiempo de tramitacià ³n, generalmente se tarda entre 3 y seis semanas y ms pero puede pagarse una tarifa para acelerar el proceso  si se est dentro de Estados Unidos.  Si existiera una urgencia para obtener el pasaporte, se puede acudir a una Agencia autorizada. Cuando se est en el extranjero y existe una emergencia por la que es necesario viajar a Estados Unidos, es posible contactar con una embajada o consulado, demostrar la emergencia y recibir un documento para viajar que tiene una fecha limitada en el caso de tener el pasaporte expirado. En este caso, vez que se realiza el viaje, hay que solicitar un pasaporte regular bien dentro de Estados Unidos o en el extranjero. Cundo un adulto no puede solicitar la renovacià ³n del pasaporte por correo No se puede aplicar por correo para renovar el pasaporte americano cuando no cumplen con todos y cada uno de los los requisitos seà ±alados anteriormente. Por ejemplo, cuando se ha tenido un pasaporte pero emitido como nià ±o menor de 16 aà ±os. En estos casos en los que se pide por primera vez la renovacià ³n pero como adulto es necesario presentarse en persona en una agencia u oficina autorizada, si se est dentro de Estados Unidos o en la Embajada o consulado, si se est en otro paà ­s. Un caso comà ºn en el que no se puede solicitar por correo la renovacià ³n del pasaporte americano  de un adulto es el de supuesto de robo o extravà ­o del pasaporte. Puede ser un gran dolor de cabeza y esto  es lo que hay que hacer tan pronto como uno se dà © cuenta de que no tiene el pasaporte en su poder. En estos casos,  documento a llenar es el DS-11. Renovacià ³n de pasaporte de menores Los pasaporte de nià ±os tienen reglas especiales para evitar situaciones muy desafortunadas como el secuestro de un menor.   Para evitar esos tipos de problemas los menores de 16 aà ±os tienen pasaportes por sà ³lo 5 aà ±os y deben estar presentes junto con sus padres en el momento de solicitar la renovacià ³n del pasaporte. Esto aplica tanto en Estados Unidos como cuando se est fuera del paà ­s. El gobierno es consciente de que a veces es complicado o imposible que los dos padres està ©n presentes, por eso establece reglas sobre cundo no es necesaria la presencia de los dos progenitores y tambià ©n quà © se puede hacer cuando aà ºn siendo obligatoria la vida real hace que sea imposible o muy difà ­cil. Si se tiene un nià ±o que es ciudadano estadounidense es conveniente informarse sobre documentacià ³n que pueden necesitar si viajan solos en un viaje internacional o si lo hacen con solo uno de sus padres. De informacià ³n de interà ©s antes de solicitar la renovacià ³n En algunos casos, el  no estar al dà ­a en el pago de la pensià ³n de alimentos  es causa para que se deniegue la renovacià ³n del pasaporte. Otro punto de interà ©s es que si se viaja mucho es  posible pedir un libro de pasaporte con  ms pginas  que el regular. Ahora ya no es posible pedir que se aà ±adan ms hojas pero sà ­ que se entregue un pasaporte con ms pginas que el ordinario. Simplemente, marcar esa opcià ³n al rellenar el formulario de solicitud. Verificar avance de la gestià ³n Puede verificar el estado de la tramitacià ³n en la pgina oficial del Departamento de Estado para estos fines. Documentos para acelerar el paso de control migratorio Ingresar a Estados Unidos puede ser una labor que se demora mucho tiempo. Para acelerar los pases por la frontera se han creado diferentes programas para los que se puede aplicar. Por ejemplo, si se viaja por avià ³n y se llega a un aeropuerto  Global Entry y APC  pueden resolver. Por el contrario, si el cruce es terrestre entre  Canad y USA: Nexus  es el programa al que se puede aplicar. Y, finalmente, si se trata de un cruce terrestre o marà ­timo entre Estados Unidos y Mà ©xico  SENTRI  es el programa que puede ayudar a evitar las demoras que se producen en los puentes internacionales, particularmente en los dà ­as feriados. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal para ningà ºn caso concreto.

The level of contamination on the things we use on daily basis Essay

The level of contamination on the things we use on daily basis - Essay Example At the age of 12 Conrad had lost both his parents to tuberculosis. Conrad father was a translator while he was still alive and thus exposing Conrad to a wide range of literature from many nations, which were in English, French, Spanish, and American. Despite a tragic beginning, Conrad could have a good introduction to rich literary atmosphere. After his parents demise he was to stay under the care of his maternal uncle, Tadeusz Bobrowski. His uncle introduced him to a new chapter in life, which was contrary to what he learned from his father. He was fed with notions of conservatism and strict social discipline. The different ways of life that he had when he was young made Him realize that he was a homo duplex. He was torn between chivalric and egalitarian, revolutionary and conservative, and pragmatic and romantic tradition (Watt, 14). At the age of 14 onwards, Conrad disliked the Christian religion, ceremonies, festivals, and its doctrines. This was the best decision that he made, b ut it was contrary to his family beliefs. At the age of 17, Conrad left Poland to become a sea man and at some point attempted to commit suicide because of problems he experienced at the sea. His career to literature came to be when he was 40 with his first novel The Nigger of the Narcissus, which characterized Conrad’s in-between position as a writer. This was the introduction to prime of Conrad career as a writer. The most famous novel by Joseph Conrad is Heart of Darkness, which he primarily based it on his experience in the Congo. This book is full of paradoxes and has deeply symbolic text (Watt, 37). His main goal was to make a symbolic use of color. Conrad makes constant references of light and dark, black and white. The different characteristics that he gives make the reader to confuse the two states normally associated with the terms. Many instances of moral and physical darkness are topics that Conrad has touched on for example He signifies the corruption of one impo rtant character in the book. In addition, the title of the novel Heart of Darkness brings about a clear picture of the dark and gloomy way of life in the heart of Africa. There is a good connection between the characters used in this book and the events together with the experience that he had in 1890. This novel is a commentary touching upon the tough reality of imperialist control. Symbols are character, objects, figures or color used to show an abstract idea or concept. One symbol used is fog. This symbolizes darkness, and it not only distorts, but it also obscures. Conrad explains that one should make decisions based on the information given and he or she should never try to judge the accuracy of the information (Shmoop, 46). Darkness is also used as a symbol. It is very hard to tell what darkness stands for in this context. However, everything in this book has a dark coating. In addition, the inability to see is also viewed as darkness. Failure to sympathize happens when one fa ils to see another human being and thus having a hard time trying to understand that person Conrad uses Marlow to show that women are the keepers of naive illusions. This role is crucial although it can be seen as condemnatory. Kurtz and his intended mistress function as blank slates, and this brings about the value of wealth of their respective societies. Other symbols include the river, and the white sepulcher. This book is about a story of a European seaman, who sets on a journey to explore the Congo River. His primary role is helping Kurtz, a very prominent ivory trader who was employed by the Belgians. Also a successful writer, Kurtz has a good reputation and Marlow likes him even before their meeting. His writings were concerned with the civilization of the African

Educational Action Research Annotated Bibliography

Educational Action Research - Annotated Bibliography Example In this attempt, the author employs expositions of ethnography and action research so as to decrease the effect of epistemological cleavage between these two different approaches. Subsequently, the research is more relevant as it involves author’s experience relating to participation in three reception classes. After practically developing this method and its efficacy with the design and approach of new methodological approach in the field of educational research, the authors concludes that the participation in early years education by using the method of participation can be used as a new methodological approach in this field.Dick, B. (2004). Action research literature: Themes and trends. Action Research, 2(4), 425-444. The author has reviewed various action research related books and has developed perspective on the theme and direction of these books. Among finding various themes, the author has found material related to action science, inquiry, system-related approaches and the important aspect of action learning as well in which role and involvement of education, community, health, and organizational developments and subsequent practical applications have been detailed as well. a number of developing themes and trends have been identified including the increase and expansion of action research along with constructive inquiry, participation, involvement of community are those certain factors that have gained currency within the growing context and perspective of action research.

Mental instability Essay Example for Free

Mental instability Essay Through her Noon Wine novel, Katherine Anne Porter describes 1890s Texas settings that serve to build on the novel’s theme besides causing conflict at the end. For example, the author describes Mr. Royal Earle Thompson’s farm as barely productive primarily due to Thompson’s laziness. Strangely, Thompson holds that farm work is women’ work, indicating some mental instability in him. Amid such circumstances, Olaf Eric Helton comes to Thompson looking for work which he is promptly offered. Helton’s employment at the Thompson farm soon proves to be very beneficial. The farm miraculously becomes very productive, making Thompson to highly value Helton. The farmhand however has the strange habit of always remaining quiet and playing harmonicas. The arrival of Homer T. Hatch at the farm brings conflict since he intends to take Helton away from the farm. Thompson cannot give Helton away while Hatch wants to return the worker to a madhouse from which Hilton escaped years back. This incidence, which leads to Thompson mistakenly killing Hatch, amplifies the theme that both Helton and Hatch are insane in their unique ways (Porter 25). Firstly, the almost desperate way in which the Thompsons treasure Helton due to his remarkable good work, coupled with Hatch’s attempts at recapturing Helton, lead to a deadly conflict. A hallucinatory Thompson fatally hits Hatch, thinking that Hatch is killing Helton. This incidence shows that Thompson’s liking for Helton has built up to obsessive levels, where the farmer cannot bear seeing Helton move away. Moreover, Hatch’s disclosure of Helton’s past indicates that Helton is also insane. Porter’s theme of the presence of subtle madness in characters, Helton and Thompson, is thus supported by this conflict. In conclusion, Porters, Noon Wine description of the events surrounding the Thompson farm designate both Thompson and Helton as inherently mad. In addition, Hatch’s and Thompson’s contradictory acts lead to a concluding lethal conflict. Works Cited Porter, Katherine Anne. Noon Wine. Tulsa, Oklahoma: Schumans, 1937.

Environmental Justice: Raising Awareness Essay -- Argumentative Persua

Environmental Justice: Raising Awareness The Discovery of Environmental Racism The majority of the U.S. population is not aware of the problem of "environmental justice." Most people would not even know what the term means if they heard it. In this paper I will write about the discovery of "environmental racism" in the early 1980s and report what is known about it today. I will then argue that making the general public aware of the problem is a crucial step towards environmental justice. The discovery of environmental racism can be traced to the plan of a new PCB (polychlorinated biphenyls) landfill in a predominantly black community in Warren County, North Carolina, in 1982. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) gives the following "background information" on PCBs (1): PCBs have significant ecological and human health effects including carcinogenicity (i.e., probable human cancer causing or promoting agent), neurotoxicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity, immune system suppression, liver damage, skin irritation and endocrine disruption. These toxic effects have been observed from both acute and chronic exposures to PCB mixtures with varying chlorine content. PCBs do not breakdown readily in the environment and are taken into the food chain by microorganisms. PCBs are then biologically accumulated and concentrated at levels much higher than found in the surrounding environment thus posing a greater risk of injury to human health and the environment than might be imagined. The already poor and disadvantaged community considers the addition of a toxic waste dump unacceptable; residents oppose the landfill by organizing protests that "some have termed the largest civil-rights demonstration since the 1960s... ...ental Justice Advisory Council (1998). Homepage. http://es.epa.gov/oeca/oej/nejac/ (31 Oct. 1998). 11. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (1998). Homepage. http://www.niehs.nih.gov/ (31 Oct. 1998). 12. Office of Minority Health (1998). Office of Minority Health Resource Center. http://www.omhrc.gov/ (31 Oct. 1998). 13. National Law Journal (1992). Unequal Protection: The Racial Divide in Environmental Law. As quoted by: Bullard, R. D. (1993). Residential apartheid in Urban America. Earth Island Journal 8, 35-36. Retrieved October 31, 1998 from the World Wide Web: http://insite.palni.edu/ 14. Environmental Justice Resource Center (1998). Homepage. http://www.ejrc.cau.edu/ (31 Oct. 1998). 15. Markowitz, G. & Rosner, D. (1998). Pollute the poor. Nation 267, 8-9. Retrieved October 31,1998 from the World Wide Web: http://insite.palni.edu/

Ioi Corporation

IOI Corporation Case Study 1. IOI strong growth was achieved through a. Good plantation management practice * Continues improvements on yields performance * Maximize output from plantation and factories and minimize input to achieve a low-cost supply chain b. Diversified business base in palm oil industry, from downstream sector to upstream sector 2. IOI opportunities and threats c. Opportunity * Continues growth on palm oil in edible oils & fats market globally * Increase in non-food industry demand, like biofuel.Now, market is focus on renewable energy. Palm oil has been identified as one of the efficient and clean biofuel * Crude palm oil price getting higher and stable year-on-year. * Sales of properties at prime area especially in Singapore have been encouraging * Expansion in Indonesia with recent planting permit approval to the group’s directly owned plantations d. Threat * Major revenue is come from export markets to Europe and US. Weak economic situation affect the de mand on palm oil. With limited land bank in Malaysia * Unfavorable weather condition * Shortage of estate workers * Fierce competition from Sime Darby and Indonesia and upcoming markets like Africa and Brazil are catching up 3. Internal organization capabilities and it weakness. e. Top 3 executive directors are family members. Decisions making are among family members, higher chances in power abusing and lack of transparency f. Has operations in many countries, expose to foreign exchange risk 4. Change and unchanged g. Change Family based share holders lack of transparency. Need to maintain good relationship with stakeholders to increase the efficiency of the group h. Unchanged * Tissue culture research, leading to cultivation of clonal palms with superior traits * Continuous improvement in productivity and efficiency of its operations * Sustainable environmental friendly practices IOI Financial Analysis FY2012 1. Current liquidity ratio = Current asset / Current liability 2012 (RMà ¢â‚¬â„¢000)| 2011 (RM’000)| 9,185,620 / 2,202,499= 4. 7| 7,703,105 / 2,288,028= 3. 36| The group ratio increased in year 2012 2. Total debt to total asset = (short term debt + long term debt) / total asset 2012 (RM’000)| 2011 (RM’000)| 10,148,965 / 23,064,868= 0. 44| 7,393,721 / 19,655,119= 0. 37| Total funds that are  provided by creditors is increasing in year  2012 3. Total asset turnover = Sales / total asset 2012 (RM’000)| 2011 (RM’000)| 15,640,272 / 23,064,868= 0. 67| 16,154,251 / 19,655,119= 0. 82| 4. Profitability = net income / sales 2012 (RM’000)| 2011 (RM’000)| ,828,529 / 15,640,272= 0. 11| 2,290,513 / 16,154,251= 0. 14| After tax profits decreased per ringgit of sales 5. Market value * EPS = 0. 2785 * P/E = 18. 2047 * Price per share = 5. 07 * (Current assets – current liabilities) / ordinary shares = (9,185,620 – 2,202,499) / 6,419,174 = 1. 08 * Fair value = (5. 07 / 2) + (1. 08 / 2) = 2. 535 + 0. 54 = 3 . 075 IOI group’s profit is decreased on year 2012. The market fair value is much lower than the actual price per share. The option is to sell the share instead of buying it.

The Importance Of Tobroiad Women ( 1988 ) Essay - 734 Words

Introduction â€Å" The tasks of learning the learning the values that others live is never easy† (Weidner , 1988, pp. 6-7). These were Annette B. Weidner words as written in her article The Importance of Tobroiad Women (1988) . In this paper, we shall discuss – expectations and obstacles that she had to overcome while on her fieldwork in the Trobriand Islands of Papua Ginuea as well as her and the process to overcome them. What was her initial expectation ? In the article Annette Weidner expresses how her initial expectations were challenged by the transition in cultures. She writes how learning a new cultural and having to let go of her own were not as easy as expected causing her to rethink each step of her research (pp. 6-7). What has shaped her expectations? It is stated that Weidner had gone with initial expectations based on the Malinowski’s writings (Weidner, 1988, pp 6-7). His findings came to shaped her view on the Trobriand culture due to his previous research being solely being a matrilineal principle (pp. 6-7) . This caused her to view the culture in Malinowski’s anthropological perspective. This is visible in her article when she states â€Å"In my original plan women were not the main focus of my study† (Weidner, 1988, pp. 6-7). As Weidner started observing the Trobriand women were she took up residence her expectations started shifting from Malinowski’s view to her own view on the culture creating new expectations on her

The Complexity Of Vessity Insanity In William...

The word Renaissance means â€Å"rebirth† and is used to represent a period in which there was tremendous growth in literature, poetry, and drama. During that time, there were many great playwrights; one of them was William Shakespeare, who wrote different genres of play, such as comedy, tragedy, and histories. One of his famous tragedies play is Hamlet, which based on Prince Hamlet’s revengeful plan against his uncle, King Claudius. However, some critics question Hamlet’s insanity and they believe Hamlet is actually pretending to be insane. The purpose of this essay is to examine the extent to which the character, Hamlet, is insane. Despite different critics’ opinions regarding Hamlet’s insanity, it seems Hamlet is not insane at the beginning†¦show more content†¦He only feels grief and sorrow because his father’s death is too sudden that he does not know how to handle and response. Yet, the death of Hamlet’s father is one o f the factors that cause Hamlet to become insane. Hamlet’s mother marriage with King Claudius is another reason that indirectly contributes to Hamlet’s insanity. This is because Hamlet’s mother, Gertrude, marries to his father’s brother quickly after his father has just died. Hamlet simply thinks his mother’s remarriage to King Claudius is disgusting because it is incest and he thinks his mother has betrayed his father. According to Johnson Samuel, he argues it is necessary to evaluate character Gertrude in order to understand how her remarriage to Claudius eventually leads to his son madness (Johnson). First of all, one of the critics, Niamh J. O’ Leary, thinks Shakespeare depicts Gertrude as an independent woman who is able to make her own judgments and overcome panics. This is because when King’s Hamlet dies, it does not take Gertrude a long time to recover as she marries to his husband’s brother quickly. Moreover, Niamh argues Gertrude decides to marry King Claudius because she wants to protect his son. She needs to protect his son because she knows Claudius has murdered her husband (O’Learny). In the play, audiences can see Hamlet describes his mother, Gertrude as a disloyal woman who betrays her husband. It is this betrayal that causes Hamlet to become insane when he confronts his

George Randolph Hearst And Joseph Pulitzer - 1414 Words

In the 1890s, capitalism controlled much of the industry in New York City. William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer were two executives that in their pursuit to gain money oppress the child work force, the Newsies who are runaways or orphan boys selling newspapers for an income. When the newspaper executives raise the price of papers they are testing the strength of capitalism in America to see if even the weakest will adhere to this environment. The economic decision to raise the price of papers fails when the Newsies strike with the support of the masses of New York until there is no way to for the paper to thrive unless it drops back to price. The 1992 movie Newsies critiques the laissez-faire capitalism that demanding executives tried to use, but it endorses a populist ideology that glorifies organization, self-defense, and noncompliance with powerful executives. The character arc of the main character Jack Kelly shows how populist leadership can arise even under Pulitzers firm oppression. Jack Kelly in the beginning of the story is proud and arrogant about his ability to lead the Newsies. He is showing his power in the beginning by fighting two of the boys working for Pulitzer. When the Newsies decide to strike, he is chosen as the leader and is forced by the masses to bring their demands before Pulitzer. Jack know the social structure of the world that he lives in and is fearful to confront such a powerful man. This hinders the pride of Jack and shows weakness inShow MoreRelatedEssay on What ´s Yellow Journalism?748 Words   |  3 PagesAmerican War. Then newspaper owners William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer began having the sinking of the USS Maine all over the front pages. The dramatic style of yellow journalism contributed to creating public support for the Spanish American War. 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Ten Little Indians Free Essays

Fritz Perls once said â€Å"I am not in this world to live up to other people’s expectations, nor do I feel that the world must live up to mine. † In the short story The Search Engine, by Sherman Alexie, the Native American culture is trying to live up to the expectations of the white world. The main character Corliss, a Spokane Indian, is expected to do well in college so she can move back to the reservation to help her tribe. We will write a custom essay sample on Ten Little Indians or any similar topic only for you Order Now There is also a cultural difference between our world and that of the Spokane when it comes to the roles of gender. Corliss is a very bright individual who has plans beyond the Spokane reservation. When Corliss was younger she was ridiculed for her love of reading. Even though her passion for reading is part of the reason she was able to attend college, the men in her tribe still disagree with reading about nineteenth century white people. Despite the disagreements they are all very proud that she is pursuing a higher education. Corliss’s parents boast about how Corliss will one day come back to fix everything that is wrong with the tribe. In reality they are ignorant to Corliss’s real dreams and ambitions. Gender roles can be defined as the behaviors and attitudes expected of male and female members of a society by that society. In the Spokane tribe the women made more money and held better jobs than the men. In our society, even with more equality for women today, men earn a substantial amount more than women do. For the Spokane men to just sit around and brag about their spouses’ accomplishments seems unreal to our culture. Native American culture is very different from that of American culture. Rather than the Spokane tribesmen trying to better the tribe themselves, they are counting on Corliss to graduate law school and fix the problems of the tribe. The men of the tribe are not fully applying themselves to employment, the tribe, or each other. The values, goals, and practices of the Spokane tribe make their culture foreign to the average American. How to cite Ten Little Indians, Papers

Rational Argument ICT professionalism

Question: Describe about the ICT professionalism? Answer: Introduction Cyber crime is such kind of criminal activities which are carried out by the internet or computer. From the last few decades internet has been introduced as a development in technical infrastructure in the field of information and communication technologies (ICT). In consequences of the globalization, the demand for the internet is emerging in day by day. The latest developing technologies are widely used in different areas such as, in military services, transportation infrastructures, cars, industrial infrastructure, building, and electronic instruments, logistics and several kinds of internet related products and services. The information and communication technologies also includes several kinds of services like different types of telecommunication technologies such as WIMAX technology, different services like e- commerce, e- applications, e-health, e-mail, e-education and other electronic services. Cyber crime is one of the prime issues of information and communication technology . The cyber crime mainly includes several kinds of crimes such as spreading of the malware or viruses, different types of distributed denial services (DDoS) or hacking attacks (Hynson, 2012). Various kinds of the offensive activities that can disrupt the computer from different network resources can be defined as the cyber crime. For instance, hacking of the email account is such kind of crime activities which lies on the cyber crime activity. Cyber Crime can be broadly classified into two different types such as the several kinds of interaction into the computer networks such as hacking and the disturbance of the various functionalities related to the computers and the network space such as attacks of the viruses. Step 1: The cyber crime can cause large economic harm which can disrupt the normal flow of the system in the economic scale and has impacts on the economic factor. The below map showcases the argument map; The cyber crime may be related to the issues of the viruses which can disrupt the normal flow of the system but in some cases it is not related to the cyber crime. Then below diagram showcases the argument map of the logic. Hacking is associated with the cyber crime in specifically, ethical hacking is not related to the cyber crime but non ethical hacking is related to the cyber crime. Network space may be affected by the cyber crime which is widely used for carrying out the information and data and may be affected by the different carriers of the cyber crime (McIntosh, 2003). The cyber crime may be related with the different kinds of personal data of the system (Stringer, 2008). Hackers can hack the different personal information for ethical reason but non ethical hackers also can hack for the personal data from system which is illegal. Step 2: The cyber crime can cause large economic harm which can disrupt the normal flow of the system in large economic scale and can cause the large impacts on the various economic factors. Cyber crime is such kind of crime which is related to different types of computing system with the help of interment services. Economic factors are such kind of factors with can reduce the overall GDP of the nation. Cyber crime may have several kinds of impacts on the economical factors. Different types of personal data and information may be hacked which can impact on the economical factors of the nation. Various types of cyber crimes which have impacts on the economical factors are hacking of a personal bank, hacking of the various information and others. So, it can be noted that the cyber crime can cause large economic harm (McIntosh, 2003). The cyber crime is related to the virus. The virus may be different types such as malware, spyware, Trojan viruses which are used for hacking the various types of personal information of the system. The information and data should be secured, the criminal can hack the various personal information for different types criminal activities. The viruses are injected to the system for sharing the various personal information which is illegal so, it can be concluded from the above discussion that the cyber crime may be related to the issues of the viruses. Hacking is strongly associated with cyber crime (Hynson, 2012). Hacking can be broadly classified into two types such as ethical hacking and the non ethical hacking. The ethical hacking is carried out for various types of ethical reason but non ethical hacking is illegal and which is related to the different types of crimes with the help of cyber crime. Different types of un-ethical hacking may hamper the various personal data and information. Network space is used for carrying out the signal information or data. The network space includes several kinds of components by which the carrier signals are generated such as router, hub and other connections. The network space may be affected by the cyber crime which causes the sharing of the personal data and information that is illegal. The account hacking is a kind of network space issue which is related to the cyber crime. The criminal may target the specific account for hacking with the help of network space such as the signal generated to the systems of the user. So, it can be concluded from the above discussion that Network space may be affected by the cyber crime (Bansal, 2003). The cyber crime may be related with the different kinds of personal data of the system. Different kinds of ethical hackers can hack the different types of accounts for gathering information for ethical reason but some unethical hackers hacks the several kinds of accounts information without informing the person, which is illegal. In some cases hacking is needed for gathering different information about the person so, it can understood from the above discussion that The cyber crime may be related with the different kinds of personal data of the system. Conclusion and recommendations The entire topic depicts the cyber crime issues related to the information and communication technologies. The overall report has been classified into four parts such as introduction, argument mapping, and analysis of the mapping, the overall conclusion of the easy and recommendation. The step 1 describes the argument mapping which have been analyzed in the step 2 of the essay. The five issues have been considered for mapping of the arguments. The argumentative analyses for different issues have been described in the step 2 parts. Cyber crime should be minimized with the help of different governmental policies and regulations. The data can be protected with the help of the policy named cyber surveillance. Individual data privacy is needed for preventing the cyber crime from different sources. References Bansal, S. (2003).Cyber crime. New Delhi: A.P.H. Pub. Chowbe, V. An Introduction to Cyber Crime: General Considerations.SSRN Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.1766234 Gerdes, L. (2009).Cyber crime. Detroit: Greenhaven Press. Goel, H. (2007).Cyber crime. New Delhi, India: Rajat Publications. Grant-Adamson, A. (2003).Cyber crime. Broomall, PA: Mason Crest Publishers. Hynson, C. (2012).Cyber crime. Mankato, Minn.: Smart Apple Media. Kirti, S. Cyber Crime.SSRN Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2103758 Marcum, C.Cyber crime. McIntosh, N. (2003).Cyber crime. Chicago, IL: Raintree. Panwar, A. Cyber Crime Through Social Engineering.SSRN Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2386521 Perumal, S. Impact of Cyber Crime on Virtual Banking.SSRN Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.1289190 Stringer, R. (2008). Six months of cyber-crime.Infosecurity,5(5), 11. doi:10.1016/s1754-4548(08)70074-3 Suri, R., Chhabra, T. (2003).Cyber crime. New Delhi: Pentagon. Wykes, M. (2007). Constructing crime: Culture, stalking, celebrity and cyber.Crime, Media, Culture,3(2), 158-174. doi:10.1177/1741659007078541

Theory of management free essay sample

Management theory is a set of ideas and rules intended to help supervisors/managers to know the goals of the organization, to understand what inspires people to work when achieving the goals of the organization and to plan work required to attain the goals of the organization in the most competent and effective way possible. HISTORICAL THEORIES OF MANAGEMENT Scientific Management Theory, Fredrick Taylor (1890-1940): Tasks were standardized as much as possible where workers were rewarded and punished. This worked well for organizations with assembly lines and other mechanistic, routinized activities. Bureaucratic Management Theory, Max Weber (1930-1950): Max Weber embellished the scientific management theory with his bureaucratic theory focusing on dividing organizations into hierarchies, establishing strong lines of authority and control. Human Relations Movement (1930-today): A major belief included that the organization would prosper if its workers prospered as well. Fig. 1 Fig. 1 above summarizes evolution of management theories over the years i. We will write a custom essay sample on Theory of management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page e. Pre-Classical, Classical, Behavioral, Quantitative and Contemporary viewpoints. This article therefore assesses the Contemporary viewpoints. The dominant theories of organizations prior to the 1960s were: 1). Classical/Traditional School, who saw organizational design as a rational structure, or mechanisms which would be imposed upon people and 2). Human Relations, or Social Psychological School, who saw organizations primarily in terms of the needs of the individuals within them. The theorists of human relations set out to humanize the work place at the expense of studying the organization as a whole. They did not address themselves sufficiently to several major problems that can arise in practically every organization e. g.  dealing with tensions between the requirements for structure and the needs of people. Questions of conflict tended to be dealt with in terms of avoiding it by attention to motivation and leadership. A further difficulty in the human relations approach was its emphasis on the practical application of ideas rather than on the conceptual development of organizational theory. This suggests we need to look elsewhere for a fuller explanation of behavior in organizations hence the birth of the theorists who see organizations as complex social systems responsive to a number of inter-dependent and important variables like the Contemporary Theory. Contemporary approach to management focuses on the use of rigorous quantitative techniques to help managers make maximum use of organizational resources to produce goods and services. This school of thought or view point about management includes those major ideas about managing and organizations that have emerged since the 1950s. Some of the ideas, systems theory for example, are rooted in experiences gained during World War II. Contemporary viewpoints therefore consider the Systems Theory, Contingency Theory and Emerging Views. The systems theory: This approach is based on the notion that organizations can be visualized as systems of interrelated parts or subsystems that operate as a whole in pursuit of common goals. According to Mullins (2010), a systems approach is a management approach that attempts to reconcile the classical and human relations. Here, attention is focused on the total work of the organization and the interrelationships of structure and behavior and the range of variables within the organization. The organization is viewed within its total environment and emphasizes the importance of multiple channels in interaction. A system is a collection of part unified to accomplish an overall goal. If one part of the system is removed, the nature of the system is changed as well. A system can be looked at as having inputs, processes, outputs and outcomes. Systems share feedback among each of these four aspects of the systems. For an organization, inputs would include resources such as raw materials, money, technologies and people. These inputs go through a process where they’re planned, organized, motivated and controlled, ultimately to meet the organization’s goals. Outputs would be products or services to a market. Outcomes would be, e.g. , enhanced quality of life or productivity for customers/clients and productivity. Feedback would be information from human resources carrying out the process, customers/clients using the products, etc. Feedback also comes from the larger environment of the organization, e. g. , influences from government, society, economics, and technologies. Typical systems are the solar system, the human body, communication networks and social systems. Open systems are those which do interact with their environment, upon which they rely for obtaining essential inputs and for the discharge of their system outputs e.g. social systems i. e. organizations. Closed systems on the other hand are those which, for all practical purposes, are completely self-supporting and thus do not interact with their environment e. g. an astronaut’s life support pack. Closed systems are designed for efficiency whereas open systems on the other hand are designed for survival. The early classical theorists were expounding a closed systems approach while developments in human relations were biased towards open systems. The modern consensus appears to be that both types are necessary for the maintenance and growth of successful organizations. The effect of systems theory in management is that writers, educators, consultants, etc. are helping managers to look at the organization from a broader perspective. Systems theory has brought a new perspective for managers to interpret patterns and events in the workplace. They recognize the various parts of the organization, and, in particular, the interrelations of the parts, e. g., the  coordination of central administration with its programs, engineering with manufacturing, supervisors with workers, etc This interpretation has brought about a significant change (or paradigm shift) in the way management studies and approaches organizations. Key variables that are of greatest interest to systems approach to organizations are People (as individuals and in groups), Organization structure, Environment (external conditions affecting the organization) and Technology (Technical requirements of work) otherwise known as POET. Initially, the Tavistock researchers for example looked at the relationships between people and the technology and between structure and environment. The concept of socio-technical systems arose from the work of Scholars at the Tavistock Institute. Later Pugh and Colleagues have developed a more comprehensive and multi-dimensional approach, utilizing all of the above variables (POET). Contingency Theory: Basically, contingency theory asserts that when managers make a decision, they must take into account all aspects of the current situation and act on those aspects that are key to the situation at hand. This approach is in marked contrast to the earliest universal approach stemming from the classical management school which suggested that there was one, and only one, best decision for managers to make which applied in all cases and to all organization, big or little, for profit, or not-for-profit, etc. Basically, it’s the approach that it depends. For example, the continuing effort to identify the best leadership or management style might now conclude that the best style depends on the situation. The contingency approach applies particularly well in such areas as environmental factors, strategy, organizational design, technology, and leadership. For example if one is leading troops in the Persian Gulf, an autocratic style is probably best but a more participative and facilitative leadership style is probably best if one is leading a hospital or university. Therefore it can be concluded that the contingency approach is an extension of the systems approach in that it implies organizational variables (e. g. strategy, structure and systems) and its success or performance is dependent upon environmental influences (forces). Emerging views: This is a continuous process of experimentation and adaptation, aimed at matching an organization’s capabilities to the demands of a dynamic and uncertain environment and such change is typically achieved through many small to medium sized incremental changes. Over time these can lead to a major reconfiguration and transformation of an organization Change is a multi-level, cross-organization processes that unfolds in an interactive and disordered fashion over a period of years, and is comprised of a series of interlocking projects. The current concepts and practices shaping today’s management history and changing the way that managers do their jobs are summarized below: (i) Globalization: -organizational operations no longer stop at geographic borders. Managers in all types and sizes of organizations are faced with the opportunities and challenges of globalization. (ii) Entrepreneurship: -refers to the process whereby an individual or a group of individuals uses organized efforts and means to pursue opportunities to create value and grow by fulfilling wants and needs through innovation and uniqueness. Managing in an E-Business World: -when organizations do its work by using electronic (Internet-based) linkages with key constituencies in order to efficiently and effectively achieve its goals. (iv) Need for Innovation and Flexibility: -constant flow of new ideas is crucial for an organization to avoid obsolescence or failure and flexibility is valuable in a context where customer’s needs may change overnight, where new competitors come and go, and where employees and their skills are shifted as needed from project to project. Quality Management Systems: -Total quality management (TQM) is a philosophy of management that is driven by customer needs and expectations and focuses on continual improvement in work processes. TQM chief proponents W. Edwards Deming developed and presented his quality philosophy and theory which represents a counterpoint to earlier management theorists who believed that low costs were the only road to increased productivity. The objective of TQM is to create an organization committed to continuous improvement. Learning Organizations and Knowledge Management: -Managers now must deal with an environment that is continually changing. The successful organizations of the 21st century will be flexible, able to learn and respond quickly, and be led by managers who can effectively challenge conventional wisdom, manage the organization’s knowledge base, and make needed changes. (vii) Theory Z: William Ouchi’s: -This Theory Z combines positive aspects of American and Japanese management into a modified approach aimed at increasing managerial effectiveness while remaining compatible with the norms and values of society and culture. Whereas the classical approach may be criticized for almost viewing organizations without any regard for their people and the human relations approach emphasized people without organizations (and neither particularly considered organizations in turbulent environment), the systems approach takes holistic perspective, encouraging managers to view organizations both as a whole and as part of a larger environment (open systems). The approach considers the interdependency of organizations parts, changes in one part –technical or social, will affect the other. The systems approach and systems thinking have formed the backbone of organizational analysis and can be applied to organizational design problems, strategy, change management and information systems. Whilst the contingency approach is an extension of the systems approach. Therefore, there is no one best way to structure or manage organizations; rather it must be dependent upon the contingencies of the situation.